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Nikolai Pavlovich Kravkov (in Russian Николай Павлович Кравков) was a prominent Russian pharmacologist, Full Member of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1914), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science (1920), one of the first laureates of the Lenin Prize (1926). He is considered the founder of the Russian scientific school of pharmacology. == Biography == Nikolai Kravkov was born a sixth child in the family of a non-commissioned officer Pavel Alexeyevich Kravkov (1826-1910), who served as a senior clerk in the office of the Chief Enlistment Officer of the Ryazan Governorate. According to the family legend, the scientist's mother Evdokia (Avdotia) Ivanovna (1834-1891), before wedding a «Kaluga petty bourgeois», was an illegitimate daughter of Konstantin Kavelin (1818-1885), a famous Russian historian, jurist and sociologist, one of the ideologists of Russian liberalism at the age of the reforms of Alexander II. In 1876-1884 Nikolai Kravkov attended the First Ryazan Gymnasium. In summer 1884 the future scientist was admitted to the Imperial Saint Petersburg University, where he studied at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics. In his last year at the University Kravkov worked in Ivan Sechenov's laboratory and published two research works on enzymes. In May 1888 he graduated from the University with the grade of candidate in natural science. In 1888-1892 Nikolai Kravkov studied at the Imperial Military Medical Academy. Professor Viktor Pashutin was a special influence on him in that period. Kravkov graduated from the Academy cum laude. The Academic Conference unanimously decided to leave him in the Academy «for finishing three years perfecting courses at public cost as attached to the Military Clinic Hospital being in actual service at the Military Medical Academy. In November 1894 the scientist successfully defended his Doctor's thesis «Amyloidosis in animals, caused experimentally». The years from 1896 to 1898 Nikolai Kravkov spent in practical trainings in different European countries (Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Italy and Switzerland). In Berlin he attended the lectures of Hermann Emil Fischer, in Strasbourg he worked in Friedrich von Recklinghausen's laboratory and attended the lectures of Friedrich Goltz. His practical training in the Strasbourg laboratory of Oswald Schmiedeberg, the founder of modern experimental pharmacology, influenced greatly upon his further work. On his return to Russia in 1898 Nikolai Kravkov was elected privatdocent of the Imperial Military Medical Academy. In 1899 he was given a post of Supernumerary Professor of the Pharmacology Chair. In 1904 Kravkov was elected as Professor and headed the Chair until his death. In 1910 the scientist was made Actual Civil Councilor (IV grade of the Table of Ranks). In 1914 Professor Kravkov was elected a Full Member of the Imperial Military Medical Academy. During World War I Nikolai Kravkov was a member of the Technical Committee of the Central Scientific Technical Laboratory of the Ministry of War. In 1914-1915 he carried out a series of experiments with chemical weapon on Luga testing area near Petrograd. In the Soviet times Professor Kravkov went on collaborating with the Laboratory. In 1920 on the recommendation of the Nobel laureate Ivan Pavlov Nikolai Kravkov was elected Corresponding Member of the Academy of Science of Russia. Nikolai Kravkov died 24 April 1924 in Leningrad and was buried on the cemetery of the Novodevichy Monastery of that city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikolai Kravkov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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